Assessments of ground subsidence along the railway in the Kashan plain, Iran, using Sentinel-1 data and NSBAS algorithm

The 110-kilometer-long Qom-Kashan railway is one of the busiest lines in Iran, passing through Kashan plain. majority Iran's plains have subsided recent years as a result uncontrolled groundwater extraction, and plain no exception. In this study, ground surface displacement region its impact on were investigated using New Small Baseline Subset (NSBAS) up-down east–west directions descending ascending Sentinel-1 data collected between 2015 2021. Our results indicate that subsiding more than 90 mm/year. study local areas around which passes area revealed rate vertical velocity some locations reaches –23 mm/year, while insignificant approximately ±2 Additionally, method for analyzing railway's stability based longitudinal profiles along presented. findings suggest 60% line subject to variable amounts subsidence. kilometer has been classified risk zone due relatively fast deformation. After examining effect various factors, it was determined extraction agricultural contributed subsidence area. show presented control approach highly reliable creating hazard linear structures, such railways.